Publications

Experts at a seminar jointly organized by AERC and SPDC underscored the contradictions between Pakistan’s fiscal and monetary policies, warning of their negative implications for achieving the government’s macroeconomic and fiscal targets. The brief highlights that net federal revenue receipts are insufficient to cover even interest payments, reflecting a weak resource mobilization strategy. T ..

SPDC is holding a series of dialogues to examine the drivers of violent extremism (VE) in Pakistan. The project aims to strengthen civil society’s capacity for countering violent extremism (CVE) by connecting practitioners who face VE on the ground with analysts who study its broader trends. Four themes guide the discussions: the nexus between intolerance and violent extremism, unemployment and ..

This report provides the first comprehensive assessment of the economic and social burden of violence against women and girls (VAWG) in Pakistan. It quantifies the direct and indirect costs of VAWG - including impacts on health, productivity, household income, and social cohesion - while highlighting the broader consequences for national development. The study draws on gender‑disaggregated data ..

This report reviews how gender perspectives have been mainstreamed within SPDC’s research agenda, institutional practices, and policy engagement. The report evaluates institutional practices - such as staffing, capacity building, and partnerships - to understand how gender sensitivity has been embedded within the Centre’s operations. By documenting achievements and identifying gaps, the study ..

This database report presents a comprehensive time-series of gender‑disaggregated indicators to analyze Pakistan’s labour market, covering the period from 1990-91 to 2010-11. It highlights disparities in employment, wages, participation rates, and sectoral distribution between men and women, drawing attention to structural barriers that limit women’s economic empowerment. ..

SPDC launched a series of interactive discussions aiming to bridge divides among policymakers, academics, civil society, and business leaders, fostering consensus on issues of social progress and human development. Over six months, themes include the implementation of the 18th Amendment, women’s economic empowerment, the impact of the security crisis on human development, and the future of think ..

This booklet serves as a primer on the fundamental concepts of trade policy, explaining how tariffs and import quotas shape domestic markets, consumer welfare, and government revenues. It outlines the mechanics of protectionist measures, their economic costs and benefits, and the implications for efficiency and equity. Designed as an accessible resource, the publication simplifies complex trade th ..

This report compiles updated gender‑segregated indicators to track progress on equality and human development in Pakistan. Recognizing that achieving gender equality is a prerequisite for sustainable development, the study addresses the lack of reliable, regularly updated data by presenting indicators across six key areas: population, demography, living conditions, education, health, and employm ..

This module has been developed to provide accessible, evidence‑based insights into Pakistan’s education sector. Province-wise, time-series database is constructed from 1973 to 1995 with the education data disaggregated at six levels: Primary, Secondary, Intermediate, Degree, University, and Vocational/Technical Education. Designed as a resource for policymakers, practitioners, and students, th ..

Developed by the Social Policy and Development Centre (SPDC), this module examines the fiscal architecture of Pakistan’s provinces, highlighting issues of revenue generation, expenditure management, and the distribution of resources under federal–provincial frameworks. Province-wise, time-series database is constructed covering the period from 1973 to 1997, and comprising 317 variables for eac ..

This module provides a clear overview of Pakistan’s federal fiscal framework by generating time-series database for the period 1973 to 1997. ..