Tax evasion remains a major challenge in Pakistan’s tobacco control policies, with tobacco industry often overstating illicit trade. Drawing on a nationwide survey conducted after the February 2023 tax hike, SPDC’s report The Extent of Illicit Trade of Cigarettes in Pakistan provides fresh evidence on the scale and drivers of non‑tax‑paid cigarette consumption. The study quantifies revenue losses, challenges industry claims, and underscores the need for stronger enforcement, improved governance, and excise reforms to protect public revenues and health.