This policy paper reviews the fiscal implications of the 7th NFC Award and outlines pressing issues for the 8th Award. The 7th NFC Award (2010) expanded provincial shares and resolved key fiscal issues, but its tenure ended in June 2015, requiring deliberations on the 8th NFC Award. Emerging challenges, including the 18th Constitutional Amendment’s devolved functions and the federal government’s commitments under the IMF programme, make the next Award critical for balancing fiscal sustainability with provincial autonomy.